Swift 学习笔记「构造过程」

###定制化构造过程

构造参数

  struct Celsius {
      var temperatureInCelsius: Double = 0.0
      init(fromFahrenheit fahrenheit: Double) {
          temperatureInCelsius = (fahrenheit - 32.0) / 1.8
          }
      init(fromKelvin kelvin: Double) {
          temperatureInCelsius = kelvin - 273.15
      }
  }

内部和外部参数名

如果你在定义构造器时没有提供参数的外部名字，Swift 会为每个构造器的参数自动生成一个跟内部名字相同的外部名。

###默认构造器

Swift 将为所有属性已提供默认值且自身没有定义任何构造器的结构体或基类，提供一个默认的构造器

class ShoppingListItem {
    var name: String?
    var quantity = 1
    var purchased = false
}
var item = ShoppingListItem()

而对于结构体而言，Swift 提供了结构体的逐一成员构造器

struct Size {
    var width = 0.0, height = 0.0
}
let twoByTwo = Size(width: 2.0, height: 2.0)

###值类型的构造器代理

构造器可以通过调用其它构造器来完成实例的部分构造过程。这一过程称为构造器代理

struct Size {
    var width = 0.0, height = 0.0
}
struct Point {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
}

struct Rect {
    var origin = Point()
    var size = Size()
    init() {}
    init(origin: Point, size: Size) {
        self.origin = origin
        self.size = size
    }
    init(center: Point, size: Size) {
        let originX = center.x - (size.width / 2)
        let originY = center.y - (size.height / 2)
        self.init(origin: Point(x: originX, y: originY), size: size)
    }
}

###类的继承和构造过程

内容过多，看文档复习

###指定构造器和便利构造器实战

class Food {
    var name: String
    init(name: String) {
        self.name = name
    }
    convenience init() {
        self.init(name: "[Unnamed]")
    }
}

class RecipeIngredient: Food {
    var quantity: Int
    init(name: String, quantity: Int) {
        self.quantity = quantity
        super.init(name: name)
    }
    convenience init(name: String) {
        self.init(name: name, quantity: 1)
    }
}

class ShoppingListItem: RecipeIngredient {
    var purchased = false
    var description: String {
    var output = "\(quantity) x \(name.lowercaseString)"
        output += purchased ? " ✔" : " ✘"
        return output
    }
}

var breakfastList = [
    ShoppingListItem(),
    ShoppingListItem(name: "Bacon"),
    ShoppingListItem(name: "Eggs", quantity: 6),
]
breakfastList[0].name = "Orange juice"
breakfastList[0].purchased = true
for item in breakfastList {
    println(item.description)
}
// 1 x orange juice ✔
// 1 x bacon ✘
// 6 x eggs ✘

###通过闭包和函数来设置属性的默认值

struct Checkerboard {
    let boardColors: Bool[] = {
        var temporaryBoard = Bool[]()
        var isBlack = false
        for i in 1...10 {
            for j in 1...10 {
                temporaryBoard.append(isBlack)
                isBlack = !isBlack
            }
            isBlack = !isBlack
        }
        return temporaryBoard
        }()
    func squareIsBlackAtRow(row: Int, column: Int) -> Bool {
        return boardColors[(row * 10) + column]
    }
}

注意闭包结尾的大括号后面接了一对空的小括号，这是用来告诉 Swift 需要立刻执行此闭包。

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